Monday, August 24, 2020

How to Build the Best Social Media Promotion Schedule For Your Content

Step by step instructions to Build the Best Social Media Promotion Schedule For Your Content You realize that making astounding substance takes a great deal of time. At the point when your substance doesn’t get the perspectives it merits, however you wonder on the off chance that it merited the time. There is a basic fix for that issue. Sharing your contentâ on internet based life with a planned web based life advancement plan. Yet, before you can get results, you need content that merits partaking in any case. That is the place this blog entry comes in. You’re going to learn: Step by step instructions to comprehend what your crowd wantsâ so you can make and offer the correct substance to contact them. The most effective method to discover shareable arguments in your contentâ that can undoubtedly be repurposed via web-based networking media. The most effective method to manufacture an advancement plan that augments traffic and offers. To put it plainly, what youll find here is a finished manual for making and booking social advancement to augment your substance esteem. Step by step instructions to Build The Best Social Media Promotion Schedule For Your ContentGrab Your Free Social Media Promotion Planâ Kit This pack incorporates three layouts to assist you with arranging and execute a compelling substance advancement technique: Internet based life Promotion Posting Schedule Template: Plan out how frequently youll post on each system. Web based life Calendar: Then timetable every one of your posts early in one spot. Online life Promotional Insights Report: Show your outcomes with this straightforward detailing layout. Get them all free now and execute the counsel in this post all the more without any problem. ... At that point Check Out the New and Improved ReQueue ReQueue is the business' just smart web-based social networking mechanization device, incorporated with .And now it's improved and like nothing anyone's ever seen: Set it and overlook it (with confidence): Choose presents on reshare and let handle the rest. Reshare your best posts (with intelligence): Never stress again over sending an excessive number of or too barely any posts. Tweak sharing gatherings (with granular control): Use Placeholder Groups to alter bunches of messages on the days and times you pick. Prepared to attempt it yourself? Get it free for 14 days and begin sparing time via web-based networking media showcasing now. Comprehend What Your Audience Is Going To Get Out Of Your Content You compose your substance dependent on one objective. That could be educating your perusers regarding another item, or sharing responses to every now and again posed inquiries. Your crowd peruses your substance on the grounds that they’re being driven by an alternate objective. They could be hoping to gain some new useful knowledge, accumulate data about your item, or investigate a greater amount of what your organization is about. Your substance you share via web-based networking media should focus on the cover between these two objectives. However, not simply the substance that you're anticipating offering to your adherents. Your internet based life messages likewise assume a job. By making sense of that crossing point between your objectives and your audience’s objectives, you'll have the option to compose more grounded messages that will drive them to the greeting page, blog entry, digital recording or some other kind of evergreen substance that you’ve made. The second inquiry you have to pose to yourself is what is your crowd going to get from your substance? Individuals won't care except if there's something in it for them. That sounds unforgiving yet actually, your crowd will approach how might this benefit me? Your internet based life messages should have the option to respond to that address and motivate them to click. Suggested Reading: The Easy 5-Step Content Plan Template That Will Make Every Piece Amazing Since you realize how to deal with WIIFM and the objectives behind why you made your substance, you can start to design out your web based life messages and make the correct tone and discussion that urges your crowd to interface with your substance. Generally, you're going to need to rehash your substance and pulling out the best ideas dependent on what your crowd will get from your substance. Things like: What will your perusers leave knowing? What is a source of inspiration that would drive them to click? What results would it be advisable for them to hope to see after they perused your substance? Measurements, numbers, and statements. Compose Compelling Social Media Messages The initial phase in making convincing online networking messages includes taking advantage of the enthusiastic side of your crowd. It's now that you're going to burrow profound and consider how might this benefit them? Suppose for instance that I composed a blog entry on making motivating Instagram content. I'd consider what my perusers will get after they wrap up the blog entry. That may include: Instructions to break new ground to execute increasingly imaginative Instagram battles. Instructions to build commitment with better-quality photographs. What's the ideal post recurrence for the following system? At last, they'll feel better arranged to shake at Instagram showcasing, without going through long periods of experimentation making sense of things themselves. Helping your crowd construct new aptitudes while sparing time? Sounds like a decent objective to me! When I had decided the advantage to my crowd, I would point my web based life messagesâ at those takeaways. Abruptly you have clear advantages, a reasonable point, and an enthusiastic intrigue to drive snaps to your substance. Fruitful social posts have: 1. Clear advantage. 2. Clear point. 3. Passionate appeal.How would you be able to make an interpretation of that into internet based life duplicate? To put it plainly, you need to boost the couple of words that you have. This is the place those ideas become possibly the most important factor. Ask yourself these things before you start: Is the message I’ve writtenâ clearly conveying one of the arguments I chose before? Are my perusers getting the best thought of what my substance is about? Is this going to engage them such that will urge them to communicate with my substance? Suggested Reading: The Best Social Media Copywriting Guide to Be a Social Word Ninja Make Messages Around Statistics From Your Content One approach to make convincing messages is including insights that you’ve arranged in your substance. For instance, when we were advancing our internet based life posting plan we discovered that we could assist clients with expanding their traffic by 192%. Presently in the event that somebody disclosed to me that I could build my traffic by 192%, I’d need to discover how. Here’s another case of another measurement that from our blog on content advancement strategies. Develop your traffic by 3,150% with tip #19 of 100+ blog advancement strategies. https://t.co/HCGhkxIrcr pic.twitter.com/kQQIzEuqPI (@) June 29, 2017 Insights give somebody an information point to count on in light of the fact that they’ve been upheld by a procedure that is repeatable and they can demonstrate those measurements to their group. Make Messages Around A Compelling CTA The second sort of message that you can make advance your substance includes making a convincing CTA. Guiding your crowd and what they will escape your substance is an extraordinary method to empower clicks. For instance, Hamilton maker Lin Manuel Miranda urged individuals to get the new karaoke soundtrack for Hamilton and record them chiming in. The source of inspiration for this situation is to purchase the soundtrack and chime in. Those karaoke parties?Theyre called #Hamiltunes.Go make one for nothing any place you are!Read more: https://t.co/3hvyIrDDxz https://t.co/L5Bq45oqRx Lin-Manuel Miranda (@Lin_Manuel) June 30, 2017 Another extraordinary CTA internet based life message model is this Instagram post from Barnes and Noble. They’re amplifying their book deals by urging fans to look at a rundown of present for graduates that they made. Need some coaching to help make sense of what to get the understudies throughout your life? Look at our assortment of Endowments Ideas for Every Graduate utilizing the connection in our profile! A post shared by Barnes Noble (@barnesandnoble) on May 25, 2017 at 2:32pm PDT Make Messages Telling Your Audience What They’re Going To Get When They Read Your Content Probably the best thing you can do when you’re making your online life messages is to mention to you crowd what they’re going to get when they read your substance. In the event that I read a message that says I’m going to get 15 unique thoughts on the most proficient method to style my hair in a rush, I trust that’s what I get on the off chance that I click on the article. That’s why deceiving titles or misleading content make everybody insane. You’re not speaking the truth about what they’re going to get from your substance.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Paul’s Teachings Essay Example for Free

Paul’s Teachings Essay 1. Article on the Epistle to the Galatians The New Testament Book Epistle to the Galatians is attributed by the Catholic Church to St. Paul yet now accepted to be composed by early Christian minister Paul of Tarsus to the early Christian people group in Galatia, at that point a Roman territory. It was a strongly close to home letter wherein Paul basically handled the circumcision issue during those beginning of Christianity. The issue of circumcising Gentile proselytes, viewed as socially hostile to Romans, was then being fervently discussed. In the Epistle, Paul alerts against the presentation of Jewish practices, for example, circumcision, into the network of Christians. The circumcision banter written in Galatians was significant for St. Paul since he needed to call attention to the Gentiles that the solutions that managed the everyday existences of the Jews under the Law of Moses are intended to lead men to salvation through Christ. Some Galatian changes over or Judaizers around then demanded that recognition of the Law, including circumcision, restraint and certain ceremonial sanitizations, was essential to being acceptable or immaculate Christians. During the Old Testament, circumcision filled in as a keeps an eye on open vow to the total recognition of Mosaic Law. In Pauls contention against circumcision, he makes reference to Old Testament figures, for example, Abraham, Isaac, Ishmael, Sarah and Hagar so as to clarify and show following Gods guidance ( 4:21, Galatians). Utilizing the narrative of the introduction of Isaac and Ishmael, Paul focuses on that Christians ought to really accept and follow all of Gods exhort, strict customs as well as more in this way, following the instances of Christ. In tending to the circumcision issue in the Epistle, Paul along these lines clarifies that without anyone else, the Mosaic Law had no capacity to spare since salvation needs singular confidence and the finesse of Jesus. 2. Paper on the Books of Timothy I, Timothy II and Titus The New Testament Books First Epistle to Timothy, Second Epistle to Timothy and Epistle to Titus are three Pastoral Epistles credited to St. Paul yet now accepted to be from Paul of Tarsus. They are on the whole named as the Pastoral Epistles primarily on the grounds that the letters are routed to ministers or leaders of the early Church with respect to legitimate treatment of the service. Together, the Epistles train the Bishop Timothy and the Christian laborer Titus on the general standards with respect to network request and confidence. In particular, most of the Timothy I is dedicated to guidelines on the best possible requesting of Christian people group life for it to work easily. It likewise advises Timothy on the obligations of the ministers and elders as far as lecturing, supplicating out in the open and care for the Church individuals. Timothy II, on different anxieties the devoted administering of the duties by chapel pioneers and gives consolation to the Bishop. The Pastoral Epistles discussion of the correct lead of the two people; appropriate conduct when inside the Church; regard for old and youngsters; treatment of old and rules for the enlistment of widows and different remedies for good and Christian conduct. They likewise discuss how to stay unfaltering in confidence by dismissing bogus lessons and protecting the facts in the Church. Such is a proposal of the weights against and the comparing battles to reinforce the confidence inside the network. The authoritative exercises, particularly as found in Timothy I reveal to us that the early Church at that point was at that point, or if nothing else starting to be, organized and systematic and made up of joined individuals. This is seen, for one, in the conversation on the choice of chapel pioneers. These three Epistles unquestionably convey to us the troubles of the early Church. The part in Timothy II wherein Paul admonished the Bishop to show restraint notwithstanding mistreatment is best delineates the significant issues they experienced. The proposals in the Timothy I and Titus with respect to the sort of character required for the pioneers of the Church recommend the sincere endeavors to fabricate and invigorate what we realize that now generally will be a vigorously tested Church in those days. In substance, Timothy I and II and Titus depict the image of the Christian people group during the beginning time of the Church. The Books show that occasions were hard yet that the early Christians, in this guided by Paul, assembled their confidence and exertion for the service.

Friday, July 17, 2020

Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology

Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Whether you realize it or not, you have probably been a consumer of psychology research at some point. Nearly every day, new reports about the findings of the latest psychology studies are broadcast on television, printed in newspapers, shared on social media, or sensationalized on talk shows. Just pick up any popular magazine to see any number of self-help articles that synthesize current psychology research. How can you determine if these reports are credible or not? In order to become a wise consumer of psychology research, you need to learn how to evaluate the various research reports you come into contact with each day. By understanding how to identify trustworthy information, you can become an informed psychology consumer. People tend to believe they could easily spot a fake news story, but research suggests theyre surprisingly bad at it. Learning more about how to identify good sources can help you better separate authoritative and accurate sources from the false and sensationalized. 1. Consider the Source Whenever you read the results of psychology research in popular media sources, you should always consider the original source of the information. Some things to consider: Studies published in professional psychology journals have gone through a rigorous examination process, starting with the original study conducted by a reputable researcher and generally backed by an educational institution, hospital, or other organization. These journals are also peer-reviewed, which means that other psychologists skilled in research methods and statistics have investigated the research prior to publication.Another reason to look at the original source is that many popular reports misinterpret or fail to explain key elements of the findings. Writers and journalists who have little or no experience in research methods may not fully understand how the study was conducted and all of the possible implications of the research. By looking at the study yourself, you can gain a fuller and richer understanding of what the findings mean. 18 Psychology Research Terms to Know 2. Be Skeptical of Sensational or Shocking Claims When evaluating any type of scientific information, skepticism should always be the rule. Some important things to remember as you encounter scientific claims in the media: Remember that the goals of these popular media reports are to garner attention, sell issues, increase ratings, and garner page views.Reporters may focus on particular elements of a study while ignoring other important information that is essential for understanding the results.Statements made by researchers may be used out of context in a way that dramatically overstates the original results of the study. When reviewing a study, be especially wary of claims or findings that seem sensational or unrealistic. 3. Evaluate the Research Methods In order to be a wise consumer of psychology, it is important to understand some of the basics of psychology research. Elements such as operational definitions, random sampling, and research design are important for understanding the final results of a study. For example, a particular study may only look at specific individuals within a population or it may consider only a narrow definition of a particular topic. Both of these factors can play a role in what the findings mean to the general population and how the results can be applied to understanding psychological phenomena. 4. Remember That Anecdotes Do Not Equal Data Be wary of stories or reports that rely solely on anecdotal stories to back up their claims. Just because a small group of individuals has arrived at a similar conclusion does not mean that the population at large shares this view. Scientific research utilizes random sampling and other research methods to help ensure that the results of a study can be generalized to the rest of the population. Any report that relies on a “This is true for me, so it must be true for everyone else” justification should be viewed with skepticism. Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research 5. Consider Who Funded the Research In evaluating psychological research, it is also important to consider the financial backers who supported the study. Funding can come from a variety of sources including government agencies, non-profit groups, and large corporations. Be cautious when the results of a study seem to support the agenda of an organization whose goal is to sell products or convince people to share their viewpoint. While such funding sources do not necessarily invalidate the results of a study, you should always be on the lookout for potential conflicts of interest. 6. Realize That Correlation Does Not Equal Causation Many popular reports of scientific research jump to conclusions and imply causal relationships between variables. A relationship between two variables, however, does not necessarily imply that changes in one cause changes in another. What is Correlation? Some helpful tips: Never assume that there is a cause-and-effect relationship between two factors.Look for key phrases such as researchers have found a connection, research indicates a relationship between and there appears to be a link to help identify correlational research. A Word From Verywell Newspapers, magazines, books, and online sources are full of information about the latest psychological research. In order to determine how trustworthy these reports are, it is important to know how to evaluate the stories you read. While looking up the original study is the best way to assess the information, you can also apply some basic scientific common sense. Be wary of sensationalized claims, watch out for false implications of causation, and remember that skepticism is the rule when evaluating any scientific report. Test Your Knowledge of Psychological Research Methods

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Short Story Walk Down Across America Essay - 1696 Words

Renowned country music star Jimmy Wayne’s autobiography, Walk to Beautiful, tells of Wayne’s times of misfortune before fame which inspired his advocating awareness for foster children in the foster care system. Through the telling of his story and his ultimate walk halfway across America, Wayne hopes to raise awareness for the issues foster children face—especially for those aging out of the foster care system or suffering homelessness. The book shows a world not seen by most people through Wayne’s own heartbreaking and honest story of his difficult childhood. It is an inspiring tale that teaches the importance of â€Å"being somebody† in a foster child’s life. In reading this book, I took away many messages as I was educated on the type of troubles foster children face. The book begins with a prologue describing one of Wayne’s lowest moments of his life when he was living in a foster home, known as Faith Farm, after being abandoned b y his mother. Wayne was at a point where he lost his faith in God, hated his life, would cut himself, and pondered about suicide. With a bleak upbringing and a fortuneless life, it is understandable how a foster child in that position can feel hopeless, lost, and ostracized from society. Wayne’s decision to open with his worst of times is a testament to his understanding of the type of tribulations foster children face that many do not understand or acknowledge. It is a powerful opening which peaked my interest in learning about Jimmy Wayne’sShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Grapes Of Wrath 1436 Words   |  6 Pagesfamily as one of the many migrating farming families subjected to prejudice and seclusion on their journey to California. Similarly, in T.C. Boyle’s Tortilla Curtain, Cà ¡ndido and Amà ©rica are victims of animosity and discrimination after fleeing their homes in Mexico to seek a better life in Los Angeles. In their stories, both Boyle and Ste inbeck exhibit how migration can often bring new people into a different society, which can create fear and social stigma with that community. In their novels,Read MoreThere Will Come Soft Rains918 Words   |  4 PagesThere Will Come Soft Rains is a post-apocalyptic story of a single house standing in a city destroyed by nuclear warfare. With the story published in 1950, only five short years had passed from the infamous â€Å"Victory in Japan† commemoration that boomed across the United States celebrating the end of World War II. Although Americans were feeling victorious, they were haunted by the thought of nuclear warfare breaking out and the United States of America facing great repercussions for being the firstRead MoreJoyce Carol Oates Where Are You Going Where Have You Been? as a Coming of Age Story1167 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Coming of Age: Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Joyce Carol Oatess short story Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? is the story of a fifteen-year-old girl named Connie, a pretty girl who is in the middle of a rebellious adolescence. She alienates herself from her family, preferring to spend her time with her friends at the local restaurant looking for boys. She enjoys the popular music of the day and tries to appear older and sophisticated beyond her years when away from herRead MoreEssay on Naturalism and Realism1298 Words   |  6 Pages Beginning in the late 19th century, two separate movements spread across America know as realism and naturalism. While the two were very similar in their beliefs and ideals there were still many apparent distinctions to differentiate the two. Realism and naturalism showed themselves in many aspects of life, from art and sciences to new math techniques and even religion. However, above all else these movements may have been most evident in the literature of this time. Reading through Ameri can literatureRead MoreMy Work Experiences1631 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences. (150) The Shemagh sat atop hazel locks. The delegate for Saudi Arabia was a young Indian woman. When she sat down, I lifted my placard. At my first Model UN conference, I became Spanish for 2 eye-opening days, despite my Chinese-American background. In fact, I have repeatedly chosen to be the delegate for the Netherlands, Indonesia, and Turkmenistan over China or America. If life is a journey, I travel it on the train that is MUN, and these countries have been my stops. I can explore theRead MoreCompare And Contrast A Rose For Emily And Southern Gothic1629 Words   |  7 Pagesunique to Southern America. Southern gothic style is a style of writing that engages very ugly and ironic events to study the value of the American south and its people. In this essay, I’m going to go over each story and give some details about the authors and their backgrounds. On one page, I will be comparing and contrasting all three stories. I will show how they’re similar through tone, plot, and scene in the story. And at the end, I am going to describe the three stories; â€Å"A Rose for EmilycommaRead MoreShort Story Analysis: Where Are You Going Where Have You Been? by Joyce Carol Oates1375 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Joyce Carol Oatess short story Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? was first published in the literary journal Epoch in 1966. The story is about beginnings and the rites of passage. This work is an illustration of a coming of age story, also known as an initiation story. In such stories, the protagonist undergoes an important rite of passage, transformation, an experience of transition, usually from childhood to adulthood, or from innocence to experience. The story focuses on that turningRead MoreDescriptive Essay : Karate Floor1489 Words   |  6 PagesSince the tender age of 9, my parents dropped me off at Karate America to take Karate lessons. I knew it was where I belonged the moment I step foot onto their â€Å"Karate floor†, which was 8 wrestling mats sprawled across the ground. I was always discouraged to do other sports, I could never throw, catch, or run as well as all the other kids, but I found solace on the Karate floor. Here, it wasn t about whether or not you could throw, the only thing that mattered is if you gave it your all. KarateRead MoreChanges Caused by the Attacks of September 11, 2001 Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent light to the American people on transportation. Due to the attacks of September 11th, 2001, The United States of America are now at war with Iraq and Afghanistan. President Bush declared war on September 20th, 2001, just a few days after the attacks. President Bush says, â€Å"I can hear you, the rest of the world can hear you and the people who knocked these buildings down will hear all of us soon.† (thinkexist.com). He is speaking about how he and the rest of the world hear the cries of theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Sudanese Refugee Valentino Deng1534 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the What is a piece of literary ventriloquism that not only recounts the harrowing story of Sudanese refugee Valentino Achak Deng, but brings it to life. It makes the audience experience and sympathize with the Lost Boys on their treacherous march through the African desert with the use of details and stories that evoke imagination of the morbidly and wildest kinds. This is accomplished primarily because Valentino provides a personal fa ce to the tragedy. Many people have heard about the civil

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Fast Food Mania Research Paper - 1019 Words

1 Fast Food Mania What ever happened to a home cooked meal? Dinner time in a household was once special and food was prepared by people who actually cared about what they served. About a generation ago, more than half of the meals consumed were prepared at home. Today, a majority of the meals we eat are prepared by strangers who could care less about our health as long as they receive a paycheck. Our fast paced society no longer values the simple things of the past and the food that we eat today is just the tip of the iceberg. I found my mind wondering today as I researched this topic. Despite my opposition, a craving for a McDonald’s cheeseburger gripped my senses and would not let go. Fast food is like a drug and it is all†¦show more content†¦Advertisements for precooked, prepackaged foods are watched, read, and heard by millions of American’s almost every minute of the day. Few fast- food restaurants serve fresh foods straight off the grill. Most of the restaurants receive their food frozen, canned, or freeze-dried. To top it all off, exercise is an endangered species. The average American drives almost everywhere and spends very little time walking. Besides the long-term health risks of a fast-food diet, many restaurant chains receive contaminated food products from poorly ran packaging plants. To keep the prices of meat low, most slaughter houses have moved from big cities to small towns. Instead of hiring skilled workers, these packaging plants usually employ unskilled, untrained, immigrants and teenagers, who greatly increase the risk of food poisoning. Due to indecent handling and improper cattle processing, manure can and does get mixed in with the meat. Our meat is then contaminated with salmonella and Escherichia coli [E. coli]. E. coli is one of the worst types of food poisoning and can be very deadly. Americans suffer physically, emotionally, and financially from fast-food mania. A few corporations have a great deal of power and influence when it pertains to our food supply and jobs. Today, most parents cannot afford to have one parent stay at home and raise the children as in the past. Swamped with debt andShow MoreRelatedThe Social Discourse Of Bipolar Disorder1643 Words   |  7 Pagesto the patients’ family members and others within their support system. Despite these adverse statistics and factors, there are viable, efficacious therapies for both the acute manic episodes as well as the depressive phases. There are a number of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications for the treatment of all phases of bipolar disorder [8]. The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence on said treatments and to curate and interpret this data so that clinicians can make informedRead MoreDisco Di : A Case Study1993 Words   |  8 Pages Disco Di: A Case Study Submitted by: Minoo Khatami Submission Date: November, 30, 2014 This paper will be dedicated to a case study done on Disco Di. The mental disorders that the patient is suffering from, will be diagnosed and analyzed through different perspectives such as its biological and psychological symptoms, plus its social aspects, in order to better understand and treat the disorders on her file. As it appears on Disco Di’s document she’s currently diagnosed withRead MoreMr Jones Essay1856 Words   |  8 PagesMR. JONES (BIPOLAR DISORDER) GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY ABSTRACT This research paper discusses the movie â€Å"Mr. Jones.† It details the character Mr. Jones and tells about his current psychological condition (bipolar disorder). It further discusses the causes, symptoms, treatment, and ethical issues concerning this disorder. MR JONES Mr. Jones is a movie about a charismatic man who is diagnosed as bipolar and is committed to a psychiatric institution. He is diagnosed incorrectly at first butRead MoreComparative Analysis Pizza Hut and Dominos5433 Words   |  22 PagesMARKETING MANAGEMENT TERM PAPER COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SUBMITTED TO Ms. Kanika Jhamb SUBMITTED BY junaid nabi Introduction Fast food is one of the world ¶s largest fast growing industry types. India ¶s fast food industry is growing by 40%. The 6000 corer fast food retail industry is mainly dominated by the multinational players and the key players which are active in the research of the food retailing. Because of the availability of raw material for fast food, global chains are flooding intoRead MoreEating Disorders and Free Essays8687 Words   |  35 Pagesï » ¿2 = 2 dfhnmxpd h Free Essays Home | Search Essays | FAQ | Guarantees | Privacy | Lost Essay? | Contact Search Results eating disorder Free Essays Unrated Essays Better Essays Stronger Essays Powerful Essays Term Papers Research Papers Search by keyword: Sort By: Your search returned over 400 essays for eating disorder. To narrow your search results, please add more search terms to your query. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [Next ] These results are sorted by most relevantRead MorePoland s History, Culture, And Social Life2754 Words   |  12 PagesKayla RadfordAnnKassie Trala Dance Poland I chose Poland to research because my heritage is mostly tied to Poland. My father and his side of the family are all from Poland, tracing back the family tree as far as my great grandfather before nothing more can be found on the Trala name. The only trail we have come close to are the names found on headstones in Polish graveyards. Because my dad’s side of the family is very Polish there is never a dull moment. At gatherings and weddings we dance someRead MoreKfc Pest Analysis12891 Words   |  52 Pagesproducts. As in industry, however, KFC’s competitors will include all fast food chains: McDonalds, Pizza Hut, Geno’s, Hardees, Cock n Bull, and Subway etc. KFC occupies a major position in the fast food industry, being the largest seller of chicken products in Pakistan. It captures 50 percent of the total fast food market in the country. KFC wore the title of being the market leader in its industry. Serving delicious and hygienic food in a relaxing environment made KFC everyone’s favorite. Since thenRead MoreMarketing Strategies Of Nestle India For Chocolate Products Essay10181 Words   |  41 PagesLITERATURE REVIEW AND PROBLEM FORMUALTION COMPANY PROFILE †¢ Industrial Scenario †¢ Historical Highlights †¢ Major Products †¢ Marketing Strategies †¢ Distribution network †¢ Brand Loyalty †¢ Market Segmentation and Target Market OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY †¢ Objectives †¢ Methodology ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA †¢ SWOT Analysis FINDINGS/CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS †¢ Conclusion †¢ Recommendations BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX †¢ Questionnaire INTRODUCTION FMCG companiesRead MoreEssay about Anti-Depressants and Teen Suicide2777 Words   |  12 Pagesillness. There are various ways to treat depression, such as medication, group therapy, and/or herbal supplements. There are pros and cons with each treatment, but the worst coincides with the medication –suicide. Much research has been conducted, which will be discussed in the paper that has shown a link to antidepressants and suicide. However, there is also evidence that the suicide rate could be decreased with proper diagnosis and early, supervised treatment for depression, especially when dealingRead MoreNike Inc.4013 Words   |  17 PagesThe topic that I have chosen to do a research project on is Nike Inc. I chose to do my research on Nike because I am for one, very much interested in Nike, and secondly I am very interested in Nike s clothing, shoes, and accessory line. br brBasketball players want to be like Mike, but shoe companies want to be like NIKE. NIKE is the worlds #1 company and controls more than 40% of the US athletic shoe market. The company designs and sells shoes for just about every sport, including baseball

Did the benefits of Stalin’s economic policies justify their implementation Free Essays

In 1928, Russia was poor and her industry was smaller than many countries. Stalin aimed to transform this and turn Russia into a powerful and strong nation. He wanted to create a modern industry so Russia was less dependent on the western world and could catch up with America. We will write a custom essay sample on Did the benefits of Stalin’s economic policies justify their implementation? or any similar topic only for you Order Now He also wanted to protect Russia so the were military strong in case of war and they had a strong industry capable of producing good armaments so they had defence in case of attack. Stalin aimed to re-organise agriculture to produce food so Russia could trade with Europe and America so they could get money to buy raw materials and machinery. He wanted to feed Russia’s population. Stalin also aimed for Russia to become self-sufficient. In order to develop Russia’s industry rapidly, Stalin organised this planning with the ‘Five-Year Plans’. There were three plans which determined how and when things were produced and how prices and wages were determined. The benefits of these plans were that the production of coal and iron increased quickly. Huge new industrial complexes were built like the Magnitogorsk, the Belomor Canal, railways and motorways. These all were showpieces of Soviet achievement. They had great facilities and steel and iron production was increasing. Defence and armaments grew rapidly also. Transport and communications grew and electricity production expanded. Overall industrial output went up by over 50% and Russia became the second in gross industrial output worldwide. By 1937, Russia was virtually self-sufficient. However, there were economic disadvantages as a result of the ‘Five-Year Plans’. Targets were too high so factories lied about their production levels. Products were bad quality because there was a lack of skilled workers and they didn’t have good equipment. Some industries were over-producing and others under-producing so many factories ran short of materials. Un-skilled workers and ex-peasants made mistakes, but these mistakes weren’t admitted but blamed on ‘wreckers’ and ‘saboteurs’. Oil production failed to meet targets and led to fuel crisis. The lack of skilled workers created instability because they were constantly changing jobs. The effects on the people as a result of the ‘Five-Year Plans’ were very bad. In the building of the Magnitogorsk, working conditions was dangerous. The workers got little food, and the bubonic plague was common. Vermin and bed bugs were at risk also. Sanitary conditions and heat was intolerable. It was a bad organisation of labour. Workers were paid minimum wages and food was rationed but it improved by the mid-1930s. There were millions of peasants so housing became impossible. Most families had to live in overcrowded shabby buildings. There was also a shortage of clothing and consumer goods. Many peasants were sent to Gulag (a force labour camp) if they did not fulfil Stalin’s wishes. Collectivisation was a method of farming to make it more efficient in which people can use more machinery. It was the Socialist way to farm the land. The idea was that the peasants’ would share their land and work together to form a collective farm. All the grain produced was shared also. This was an easy method for the state to get grain. The grain needed for industrialisation was obtained because a lot was produced rapidly. Wheat, cotton and vineyards were increasing by more than 600 hectares also. Overall more food was produced and it was easier to introduce modern machinery. Tractors began to be produced in quantities and the ‘economies of scale’ method started. Generally, agricultural production rose. However, collectivisation had its disadvantages. If peasants refused to join the collective, they were shot by activists or sent to Gulag. This caused violence to erupt and riots occurred. There were severe food shortages although food was being exported from Russia to other countries. A lot of disruption was caused to agriculture and there was disastrous harvest. The result of this was famine, which the state never admitted existed. Stalin began to demand gangs to take the small amount of grain, which was kept in stores or left to rot whilst people starved to death. Russia eventually did become an industrially modernised nation. Although there was terrible famine and kulaks (rich peasants) suffered, most people benefited. Large complexes were made, there were good facilities and agriculture had improved. Russia became self-sufficient and independent. Te human costs were high as many people died because of the famine and living conditions. But Hitler became a threat and Russia didn’t have enough protection in case of war. How to cite Did the benefits of Stalin’s economic policies justify their implementation?, Papers

Saturday, April 25, 2020

Martin Luther King Junior Essays - Anglican Saints,

Martin Luther King Junior On a typical day in 1929 a man was born. A man that would follow in his fathers footsteps to become a great American leader. Not only a leader, but also someone that would inspire people of all generations. A man that cared about his fellow people and would not give up for anything. He would try to fight. Try to win. Try to claim peace for our world. This man is the one and only Martin Luther King Junior. This man is one of history's best-loved and honored inspirations. Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Martin Luther King Junior was brought into our world with what seemed as though a candle burning in his heart. Flickering to achieve goals, and giving light and love to our fellow people. As a child he would live a life that to him wasn't fit for him. His friends seemed to be only people that looked the same as him. The same skin color. During the early days of his life, he couldn't understand why. Although he only talked to people of his own race he was satisfied, but not for long. As he grew older he began to understand. He was finally realizing why he was trapped behind the wall of prejudice. The thoughts in his mind began to expand into a world that was impossible to live with. He began to struggle in school and daily life at home. His thoughts were locked on only one target. Martin Luther King Junior graduated from Morehouse College in Georgia in 1948 and he was ready to take responsibilities like an adult. 3 years later in 1955 he graduated from Crozer Theological Seminary. His parents loved his great learning abilities but often expected more from him. They were proud yet commanding. He studied hard to make his parents proud, but he felt that it was also a huge benefit for him as well. He took a Ph.D. from Boston University in 1955 and was on the highway to success. He had a good education, a steady family, and that was not all. While going to school at Boston University Martin Luther King Junior met his future wife. He didn't know the true meaning of love until he found her. His life changed, and would never again be the same. Along with a new wife new responsibilities. Coretta Scott and Martin Luther King Junior wed. Shortly after their marriage they had four kids together. In Martin's opinion, he was the luckiest man in the world. To him nothing could be better than a healthy happy marriage, and healthy happy kids. He had his life laid out like a sleeping bag. If you think back on the life that Martin Luther King lived, he gave his heart and soul into what he believed, and he wouldn't give up until he achieved his goal that was on the top of his list. I'm sure that his list was very long list, and I know that in his lifetime he achieved every single one of them. I truly see how Martin Luther King Junior is a remarkable piece of history, and that he is an inspiration for freedom. In 1953 Martin became pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery. He decided that fighting for what he believed in was the right thing to do. In 1957 Martin Luther King Junior was chosen to be president of the newly formed Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Formally known as SCLC. He began to

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

english villan story draft Essay examples

english villan story draft Essay examples english villan story draft Essay examples â€Å"The island of Malekula used to be a happy place, a fantastic holiday destination, one of worlds best. â€Å"â€Å"There would be song and dance around the glowing campfires, with the embers that put on a show of their own.† â€Å"There was seafood just taken, fresh from the oceans mouth.† â€Å"Fruit that was so ripe and sweet you would devour it in two seconds flat. â€Å" â€Å"There was the dreamy surroundings, the smiling locals, the grains of refined sand between your toes, and the warm silky, salty ocean water.† â€Å"Its tones of bubbly berry blues would glisten during the day and night.† â€Å"These islands were a dream come true†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" â€Å"So the legend goes, that some years ago, a mysterious plague swept through the island of Malekula. â€Å" â€Å"No one knew how this plague was triggered.† â€Å" But this is what we do know.† â€Å"It was a dark misty night; the islands were sleeping, as were the people.† A long foreign figure twisted and turned through the whistling trees.† â€Å" Was this the cause, culprit? We still don’t know.† â€Å"The police and FBI have been to investigate.† â€Å"The foreign figure couldn’t be found, and they never returned from the island. â€Å" â€Å"The only footage was filmed by one of the police, before he got under the strength of the plague and fell to his death.† â€Å"The footage filmed, was an angelic, innocent child.† â€Å"She lay, collapsed on the floor, pale. Dead. Lifeless†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"No one since has gone back to investigate this case, but we need someone to solve it. Do we have any volunteers? A hero? â€Å" â€Å"Mr Chaply?† †¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" Yes thankyou Cleo, I will take this case† This is how Mr Chaply got in this position, he agreed to take this case, he was going to prove he could be a hero. Of course he did not ideally look like a hero, with his freckled face, glasses so round and thick they could pass for the bottom of coke bottles. His thin frame washed out skin and his curly brown locks. But here he was now, pulling up in a creaky, rusted Tinny. All suited up, his black briefcase in hand, stepping out onto the island of Malekula. Chaply muttered, through his chattering teeth, like a chimp â€Å" Oh, g-g-g-gee†, â€Å" Well th-this is nice†, â€Å" And sc- sc-scary.† â€Å" I must look like a fr-fr-fr-fruity talking to myself!† â€Å" Not that there’s anyone alive on this island to,

Monday, March 2, 2020

How to Convert Nanometers to Angstroms

How to Convert Nanometers to Angstroms This example problem demonstrates how to convert nanometers to angstroms. Nanometers (nm) and angstroms  (Ã…) are both linear measurements used to express extremely small distances. Conversion Problem The spectra  of the element mercury have a bright green line with a wavelength of 546.047 nm. What is the wavelength of this light in angstroms? Solution 1 nm 10-9 m1 Ã… 10-10 m Set up the conversion so the desired unit will be canceled out. In this case, we want angstroms to the remaining unit. wavelength in Ã… (wavelength in nm) x (1 Ã…/10-10 m) x (10-9 m/1 nm)wavelength in Ã… (wavelength in nm) x (10-9/10-10) Aring/nm)wavelength in Ã… (wavelength in nm) x (10 Aring/nm)wavelength in Ã… (546.047 x 10) Ã…wavelength in Ã… 5460.47 Ã… Answer The green line in mercurys spectra has a wavelength of 5460.47 Ã… It may be easier to remember there are 10 angstroms in 1 nanometer. This would mean a conversion from nanometers to angstroms would mean moving the decimal place one place to the right.

Friday, February 14, 2020

Creative Process Assignment Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creative Process Assignment - Article Example Ideas sometime needs inspiration forexample a personmay have a dream which gives them an idea. This idea has to be worked on immediately thus this person has to wake up in the middle of the night to right down these ideas lest they forget. Normal situations like taking a shower, watching a film or walking in the streets have a tendency of producing big ideas. In my own perspective everybody is creative if they decide to put their mind to it (Jaffe, 2003). Butif we look at the history of creativity which is the cornerstone of advertisements big ideas, we find out that the minds ability to be creative has been overshadowed(Griffin & Morrison, 2010). Creativity is a tough thing for most people yet it is very important in the contemporary society(Jaffe, 2003). Creativity is a process that seeps into the mind of the people. Everybody has their own creative process since each mind is unique thus ideas are born differently(Griffin & Morrison, 2010). I have my own creative process which I use to deliver my big ideas and I have to know my process just like an artist knows his tools. Novelty is my number one tool that I use before even starting the creative process(Griffin & Morrison, 2010). I do not necessarily have to have the idea at hand but if I have novelty I can always come up with new ideas which bring dynamism to the advertising world. My creative process involves four significant stages with the first stage being preparation(Griffin & Morrison, 2010). The preparation stage is where in my opinion makes the creative process tough. An example is when you see a person walking down the street you don’t look twice or remember him or her a few seconds after they have, passed. Why? Because it is ordinary, it is normal nothing stands out worth remembering(Jaffe, 2003). Now this same concept must be played in creativity in advertising. The preparation part means that I have to find out something new, something

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Giovanni pierluigi de Palestrina Research Paper

Giovanni pierluigi de Palestrina - Research Paper Example Sante was his family name (Pyne, 2008). Palestrina dedicated much of his time and effort to teaching, and was basically the founding father of Rome’s Italian school of composition. Perhaps the credit should be given to Goudimel, Palestrina’s teacher, though in the past the aged Roman school is strongly associated with the name of Palestrina (Ferris, 2008). This research paper discusses the life and works of one of the greatest composers in the history of music, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. There are very few available historical documents that recount the childhood of Palestrina, but by 1537 he became a choirboy in Rome. He returned to Palestrina in 1544 and became an organist and choirmaster in the town’s church. The previous bishop of Palestrina, Pope Julius III, chose Palestrina to be the chapel master in St. Peter’s in 1511 (Tapper & Goetschius, 2001). The first known work of Palestrina was a compilation of four masses in 1554. These proved the skill of Palestrina in polyphony and counterpoint, and gained his status as the leading composer of holy songs in Rome (Tapper & Goetschius, 2001). However, Pope Paul IV felt obliged to discharge Palestrina from the convention, primarily because Palestrina was married. Nevertheless, he still became St. John’s chapel master; he also became the chapel master at Santa Maria Maggiore in 1561; and he was at last placed back in his previous post at the Vatican in 1571 (Sarti, 2009). Palestrina passed away in 1594. The music of Palestrina should be analyzed within the framework of the catholic reformation happening during his composition days. Before Palestrina, songs used in churches had a tendency to wander away from the religious doctrine that it was founded upon; it usually espouses its own ideals, more for amusement than encouragement. The Council of Trent even tried to get rid of music from religious practice on the whole, until the recital of Missa Papae Marcelli in

Friday, January 24, 2020

The Handmaid’s Tale : A Product Of Debates :: Free Essay Writer

The Handmaid’s Tale : A Product Of Debates Often times a reader finds that a character in a novel resembles the author’s friend or a distant relative. There is almost always some connection to the author, his surroundings, or events in his life. The Handmaid’s Tale reflects the life of Margaret Atwood on a much stronger level. It is a product of debates within the feminist movement of the late 1970’s and early 1980’s. Atwood has been much a part of that movement. The defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment, the rise of the religious right, the election of Ronald Regan and many other historical events led writers like Atwood to fear the antifeminist movements. With these fears came the ideas the antifeminist could not only provide more gains for women but turn back the clock on the rights that they had already fought to receive. Atwood uses her novel to examine some of the traditional attitudes in the religious right which she finds threatening. At the beginning of the novel we are given this bible ref erence: Genesis 30: 1-3 â€Å"And when Rachel saw that she bare Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister; and said unto Jacob, Give me children, or else I die. And Jacob’s anger was kindled against Rachel; and he said, Am I in God’s stead, who hath withheld from thee the fruit of the womb? And she said, Behold my maid Bilhah, go unto her; and she shall bear upon my knees, that I may also have children by her.† This is one of several passages that justifies a man to have sex and children by his servants. Atwood takes this idea and extrapolates from it outrageously. In her â€Å"Afterword† she tells the reader that the religious aspects, â€Å"go back to my study of the American Puritans.†(Atwood 316) The American Puritans founded a society different than democracy as we know it, a theocracy. Atwood said she found herself, â€Å"increasingly alarmed by statements made frequently by religious leaders in the United States; and then a variety of events from around the world could not be ignored, particularly the rising fanaticism of the Iranian monotheocracy.† (Atwood 316 ) During the 1980’s many people debated about the feminist attitudes toward sexuality and their attitudes toward pornography. Many different views were expressed. Some said that all erotica depicting women as sexual objects is demeaning. Others argued that pornography was bad but erotica could be g ood, that â€Å"although pornography is demeaning the protection of civil liberties is a greater good which requires the toleration of freedom for pornographers.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Realism in American literature Essay

The novel â€Å"Maggie: A Girl of the Streets by Stephen Crane. Is a work of fiction challenging trained English enthusiasts to determine where it fits in; the category of true naturalism or realism. Steven Crains first novel written in 1893 falls after the end of a realist movement starting in 1860 to 1890 this was realism/naturalism in a time when people were ready and wanting stories the common man can relate to. The story starts out in the bowery with a fight indicative of the struggles many were facing being from the middle or lower classes; just one sign of realism. Another good point of realism is expressed thru a vivid telling of the characters, Timmy a rough neck lacking sympathy and having a chip on his shoulder, as well as speaking a dialect of the time and local was expressed clearly in the opening lines A very little boy stood upon a heap of gravel for the honor of Rum Alley. He was throwing stones at howling urchins from Devil’s Row who were circling madly about the heap and pelting at him. His infantile countenance was livid with fury. His small body was writhing in the delivery of great, crimson oaths. â€Å"Run, Jimmie, run! Dey’ll get yehs,† screamed a retreating Rum Alley child. http://www. learnlibrary. com/maggie/maggie_1. htm Jimmy is made to be very understandable and the depth of his character is complex yet explained very well in terms of realism. Realists center their attention to a remarkable degree on the immediate, the here and now, the specific action, and the verifiable consequence† (A Handbook to Literature 428). The alcoholic mother is the dysfunctional matriarch in this story and is the cause of much of the problems plaguing the lives of her children by driving them out thru drunken rages and a grave lack of compassion; a person’s actions are the cause, not extraneous forces, like a naturalist would expect you to believe. In this short story the family consisting of, Pete, jimmy, Maggie, tommy, Mary and father Johnson; all living in a part of the city where everyday life is a struggle for people with low means; this would give convincing indications of realism; furthermore reasoning that outside forces could be the cause in the detriment of their lives; Poverty, economy and socialism being the culprits makes this story lean towards naturalism. Lending to the theory; that they would be different people, if circumstance were more favorable. Even though these characters are extreme in their natures and appear to be over the top in a manor consistant with characteristics common to writings of drama as well as romanticism and falling very much in the realm of naturalism the central theme of family life and tragity are all closely related to humanity and fall into the catorgory of realism in American literature. The play picnic written by William Inge was written in 1953 a time when American writers were utilizing realism in there literature and giving new rise and newer definition to the ideas associated with realism. The American writer was eliminating all argument that romanticism and naturalism could be associated to their works by putting simple life maters to paper and expressing human life as simply as possible whill keeping the focus in the factual characteristics of man womon dialog in the play the picnic it doesn’t get any more down to earth and simplistic. The play takes place in a Midwestern town on Labor Day and goes into the lives of Helen Potts, Hal Carter, Millie Owens, Bomber, Madge Owens Flo Owens, Rosemary Sydney, Irma Kronkite, Christine Schoenwalder and Howard Bevans each one of these people showing in the course of the play all of their personality characteristics, there are no super heroes and no moral teachings to be had in this realistic portrayal of everyday life of the middle class working. Broadly defined as â€Å"the faithful representation of reality† or â€Å"verisimilitude,† it also denotes a particular kind of subject matter, especially the representation of middle-class life. (A Handbook to Literature 428). In the first act a stranger come to stay and engages in romance with two of the sisters one sister wanting the other being wanted as the story goes on we find the mother miss Owens concerned with this strangers advances to her daughter and as it progresses her fears are not unwarranted as the stranger Hal and Madge soon find themselves caught in turmoil associated with love this is romantic in nature yet not romanticism as could be written by Shakespeare instead it is written in common everyday language and is familiar to almost every one alive today, boy meets girl, girl likes boy they kiss, emotions go awry and they both do incredibly stupid things and run off to get married. (Richard Chase the American novel and it tradition) â€Å"states that character is more important than plot or action complex ethical choices are often the subject†. And surly emphasizes the decisions made when Madge runs after Hal. The elder women in the play act just like mothers grandmas and busy body women would gossiping about one another having emotional concerns for everyone in the immediate circle. They show emotional characteristics common yet subtle. The believability of these characters is an earmark of realism. The complex relationship between rosemary and Howard can be seen in true clarity both of their natures ambitions and is realists in there interaction both when together and apart rosy Mary can be seen as a middle age woman with a man friend she clearly wants more from and necessarily from the need to be with him, as much as a selfish need to be better than all the unmarried women surrounding her and an inherent need to not die single; At the risk of finding herself in a binding marriage with someone she doesn’t show much respect for she begs and pleads for Howard to marry her; at the expense of her own dignity. Howard Bevens character is shown toughly thru his action on stage he is a power driven business man with a need to maintain his freedom from marriage he is a well like person in spite of his drinking and rude talk of women as well as the fact he knows some working girls down at the hotel. When he is getting grilled over the coals by rosemary his true colors start to show up he is fearful of waking up tomorrow without the comfort of still having rosemary afraid of going to the next level of commitment all the makings of a common man to be sure as best examined in the writings of the play â€Å"picnic† there can be no argument to the contrary that this play is anything but a play that fits squarely in the zonra of realism. This play typifies realism in the sense that these people are quite real and very dynamic in their relationships, that they show common desires and fears, and basically live just like the rest of us all too some degree. The complexities in this play â€Å"raisin in the sun† are many and yet most of the dialogue can lead to a lesson in morals closely related to naturalism yet it is more of a realist style of story or play, the concerns brought up with racism and class are both issues relating to naturalism yet these are both contributing factors in the play and are secondary to the main theme of love honor integrity and family values pertaining to an ethnic group. â€Å"Raisin in the sun† is written by Lorraine Hansberry it made its first debut in 1959 A time when in no doubt people were looking for a story where there was hope to be had in overcoming one’s own limitations and rising to the top when life’s predicaments would try to enslave

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

The study of Dividends in the market over the last few decades - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4784 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The topic of dividend has been studied extensively in last few decades. Still it remained as one of the most debatable issue in the field of Finance. The contradictory nature and massive importance 0f dividend in finance had made it one of the most discussable topics for researchers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The study of Dividends in the market over the last few decades" essay for you Create order Researchers in the past enclosed many aspects of dividend; few among them are views about dividend, dividend payment effects on firm value, dynamics and determinants of dividend policy, and dividend trends of different markets. Lintner (1956) examined the distribution of income of corporations among dividends, retained earnings and taxes using data from the years 1918 to 1941 as a training period and data from the years 1942 to 1951 as the testing period. It was found that the basic determinants of dividends changes are net income and prior year dividends. In addition, firms attempt to continue a steady stream of dividend and tend to make a periodic partial adjustment to a target payout ratio rather than dramatically changing their payout when a change in earnings occurs. In the short run, dividends are smoothed to avoid frequent changes. This dispute is rooted back to the significant work of Modigliani and Miller (1961), in which it was challenged in a perfect market condition di vidend policy did not affect the value of firm. In contrast, Lintner (1962) and Gordon (1963) supported Bird-in-hand theory and argued that in the world of ambiguity and imperfect information, high dividend payment is linked with high firm value. In addition, Black (1976) called dividend is great puzzle which need extensive researched. Furthermore, the Brealey and Myers (2005) listed dividend as one of the top ten significant vague issues in advance corporate finance. According to Anil and Sujjata (2008) that emerging consensus is that no individual factor alone can describe dividend behavior. The existing corporate theories supported that cash flow and profitability have significant impact on dividend. The aim of this study was to know the impact of cash flow and profitability on dividend payout of non financial firms in Pakistan market. This study considered free cash flow and profitability was most important for non financial firm in Pakistan market. Talat and Mirza(2010) cond ucted research related to ownership structure and cash flow as determinants of dividend payout policy. According to that individual ownership, cash flow sensitivity, size, and leverage were negatively associated with dividend payout policy. In contrast, operating cash flow and profitability was positively related to cash dividend. In addition, Researcher concluded that managerial ownership, individual ownership, operating cash flow, and size were important determinants of dividend behavior whereas, leverage and cash flow sensitivity did not contribute significantly in determining the level of corporate dividend payment. DeAngelo and DeAngelo (1990) and Reddy (2004) found significant relation between cash flow and dividend changes. Problem Statement In the field of corporate finance, the dividend was considered as one of the most noteworthy issues. The main purpose to study the impact of cash flow and profitability on dividend payout of non financial firm in Pakistan market was to analyze the cash dividend behavior of developing countries firm. In addition, study was conducted to find out how strongly these two variables free cash flow and profitability have impact on the dividend payout because, profitability was most likely used as determinants of dividend payout in most of the previous researches but free cash flow was not taken too much in previous research. Furthermore, how these two variables serve as an indicator for dividend payout. Hypothesis H1: There is significant impact of free cash flow on dividend payout. H2: There is significant impact of profitability on dividend payout. Outline of the Study The research structured follows. Chapter one was consist on the introduction of the thesis, it is essential to review the views and theoretical background of dividend, the statement o problem, scope and objective, hypothesis. Chapter two consisted of review of literature given by various authors, theories on dividend and impact of cash flow and profitability on dividend payout. Chapter three explained methodology, it consisted of justification of the selection of the variables, the sampling and research design, the data technique and hypothesis. Chapter four represent the analysis of results which were taken after the data processing. Chapter five composed of final result, conclusion and recommendation. Chapter six consisted of references. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Since 1956, dividend has always considered one of the most interested and investigated topic in world of finance. Lintner (1956) analyzed the distribution of income of corporation among dividends, retained earnings, and taxes using data from the years 1918 to 1941. It was founded the basic determinants of dividends changes are net income and prior year dividends. In addition, firms tried to continue a stable flow of dividend and likely made a periodic partial adjustment to a target payout ratio instead radically changing payout when earning changed. Jensen and Meckling (1976) paid attention toward agency cost hypothesis and described that dividend restricted the funds under management control, as a result putting them under strict capital market examination. Owner responsibility was reduced to manage the quality of investment and to control the expenditure on manager prerequisites. Marke, Langrehr, and Hexter(1998) conducted research on dividend policy determinants. Researche rs had taken focus of firm, natural log of sales of firm, inside ownership for firm, no of common shareholder for firm, free cash flow for firm, sales growth of firm, and standard deviation of returns o f firm as determinants of dividend policy. Authors concluded that corporate focus has negative impact on dividend payout. While inside ownership had also negative impact, according to researcher the firms have greater inside ownership have small dividend payout. In addition, the firms with higher free cash flow have higher dividend payout and lower payout ratio of firms with higher standard deviation of returns. William and Nanda (1994) conducted research on free cash flow, shareholder value, and the undistributed profits tax of 1936 and 1937. In this study researcher tried to explore the investor reaction toward the anticipated decrease in free cash flow presented to corporate managers. In addition, researchers suggested agency costs as partial determinants of dividend policy. To avoid the agency problem corporate have to pay higher dividend and imposed higher tax on undistributed profit so the problem of agency cost handled efficiently. The study conducted on determinants of dividend payout ratio in Ghanna byAmidu and Abor (2006). In this study 20 listed firms of Ghana Stock Exchange were used as a sample which shows 76% of the total listed firm in Ghana Stock Exchange. They have taken the Payout Ratio as dependent variable and defined as dividend per share divided by earning per share. The included the explanatory variable profitability, frisk (risk), cash flows (cash), corporate tax (tax), institutional holdings (INSH), Sales Growth and Market to Book value (MTBV).they find that more profitable firms pay more dividend and profitability is positively related to dividend payout. In addition, cash flow and taxes are also positively related to dividend payout. Further, they also concluded there is a positive relationship between increase in liquidity and dividend payout. Their results suggest negative relationship between risk, institutional holding, growth, market to book value and dividend payout. The firms with the earning volatility find difficult to pay low and no dividends. Al-Malkawi (2007) worked on determinants of corporate dividend payout policy in Jordan. Researcher used a firm level panel data of all publicly traded firms on the Amman Stock Exchange between 1989 and 2000. Researcher used dividend payout as a depended variable and agency cost, Ownership, annual share turnover, market to book ratio, market capitalization of common equity, financial leverage ratio, profitability ratio, and taxes as independent variables. By using Tobit specification researcher concluded that positive relationship between size, age, and profitability with dividend payout and negative relationship between signaling device, ownership, and taxes in Jordan. Fairchild (2010) worked on Dividend policy, signaling and free cash flow: an integr ated approach. Researcher has tried to examine the dividend policy by taking only two hypothesis signaling and free cash flow. In order to understand the composite environment of dividend policy, signaling game is developed in which most of the information possesses by managers than investors about the quality of the firms. The signaling hypothesis shows that asymmetric information between managers and investor, dividend work as signal regarding current performance and future prospect. The study found that high dividend has positive effect on the firm performance, in term of providing a positive signal for current performance and as will as future scenario. In addition, dividend payout reduces the free cash flow problem, which may attract the manager to invest in negative NPV project for personal interest. But if the project shows positive NPV so investment opportunities are available which lead toward the higher dividend in future. Gill, Nahum, and Rajendra (2007) worked on dete rminants of dividend payout ratio in United States. In this study researcher extend the Amidu and Joshua, and Anil and Kapoor finding for the American service and manufacturing firms. Researcher took same variables into account such as profitability, tax, market to book value, cash flow, and sale growth. The sample size was 266 out of 500 financial reports. Finding for manufacturing firms that dividend payout ratio is the function of profit margin, tax, and market to book ratio We also found that the results are different when the dividend payout ratio is defined as the ratio between the cash dividend that the after-tax cash flow, not the after tax earnings of the companies. Reddy (2006), studied the dividend behavior of Indian corporate firms, trend, and determinants and tried to determine the behavior of the firms listed on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) with the help of trade off theory and signaling theory hypothesis. The analysis of dividend trend shows that stock traded on New York Stock Exchange (NSE) and (BSE) signify that the percentage of firms paying dividends has declined from 60.5% in 1990 to 32.1% in 2001 and there is only few firms paying dividend consistently. Furthermore the dividends paying firms are more profitable, large in size, and growth doesnt seem to discourage Indian firms from paying higher dividends. The corporate tax or tax preference theory doesnt appear to hold true in Indian context. Finally the dividend changes appear to signal contemporary and lagged earning performance rather than future earnings performance. Baker, Farrelly and Edelman (1986) studied 318 New York stock exchange firms and concluded that the major determinants of dividend payments are anticipated level of future earnings and pattern of past dividends. Pruitt and Gitman (1991) asked financial managers of the 1000 largest U.S. and reported that, current and past year profits are important factors influencing dividend payments. Baker and Powell (2000) conclude from their survey of NYSE-listed firms that dividend determinants are industry specific and anticipated level of future earnings is the major determinants. Anil and Kapoor (2008) studies Indian information technology sector for determinants of dividend payout ratio. The period for study 2000-2006 covers both recessionary and booming phase of Indian information technology sector. Researcher concluded liquidity and beta (year to year variability in earnings) was found to be a notable determinant of dividend payout ratio. In addition, authors concluded there was recession and from 2003 onwards IT sector witnessed exponential growth. After 2006 linear growth was seen in IT sector. Recently in Pakistani perspective, Ahmed and Attiya (2009) investigated determining factors of dividend policy in emerging economy of Pakistan on a sample of 320 firms listed at KSE from 2001 to 2006. Researchers concluded that Pakistans listed firms rely more on the current earnings than past dividend. In addition, authors highlighted some determinants that may influence the dividend payout policies. First the results demonstrated that the firms having high profitability with stable earnings can afford larger free cash flows thus pay out larger dividends. The firms with larger investment opportunities can easily influence and play important role to determinant of dividend payout policies in Pakistan. The ownership structure has the major impact to determine the dividend payout policy in Pakistan. The firms with the major inside share holdings pay more dividends to its shareholders in Pakistan. Moreover the growth of the firms doesnt have any impact on the dividend payout. The market liquidity of the firms has a positive influence which confirms that firms with higher market liquidity pay more dividends. The size is the highly negative and significant which shows the firms invest in their assets rather than paying dividends to its shareholder. 2.1 Dividend irrelevance theory: Miller and Modigliani (1961) proposed that dividend policy is irrelevant to the shareholder and stockholder wealth was constant in the world of perfect market condition and any growth in the current payout is financed by literally priced stock sales. The basic assumption was that management paid 100 percent payout in every period. Other assumptions were as follow. First, market is perfect capital market that means no taxes on transaction cost, single buyer and seller not influenced price, and everyone have free access to information. Second, investors are rational and value of securities was based on the discounted future cash flow to investor. Third, manager act as a agent of shareholders, and there was no uncertainty about the investment policy of the firm. 2.2 Bird-in-hand theory: Al-Malkawi (2007) emphasized that dividend valued differently from retained earnings (capital gains) in world of uncertainty and asymmetry information. A bird in hand (dividend) is valued more than two in the bush (capital gain). Investors always preferred dividends to retained earnings due to uncertainty of future cash flow. Although, this argument has been widely criticized and has not received strong empirical support, but, it was supported by Gordon and Shapiro (1956), Lintner (1962), and Walter (1963). The basic assumptions were as followed Firstly, investors have inadequate information regarding the profitability of a firm. Secondly, cash dividend was taxed at a higher rate when capital gain was realized on the sale of share. Thirdly, dividend serves as a signal of expected cash flow. 2.3 Agency cost and free cash flow theory: Ross (2008) agency cost is the cost of the conflict of interest that exists among shareholders and management. It was happened when management act for own interest rather than shareholders interest who own the firm. This could be direct and indirect. It was in contrast to assumption of Millar and Modigliani (1961) that mangers act as a agent of shareholders This is somewhat dubious, as the owners of the firm are different from the management. Managers are bound to carry out some activities, which could be costly to shareholders, such as undertaking unprofitable investments that would yield excessive returns to them, and unnecessarily high management compensation (Al-Malkawi, 2007). These costs are borne by shareholders; therefore, shareholders of firms with excess free cash flow would require high dividend payments instead. Agency cost may also arise between shareholders and bondholders: while shareholders require more dividends, bondholders require fewer dividends than shareholder s by putting in place a debt covenant to ensure availability of cash for their debt repayment. Easterbrook (1984) also identified two agency costs: the cost of monitoring managers and the cost of risk aversion on the part of managers. Jensens free cash flow/overinvestment hypothesis (1988) provides an alternative explanation for the positive relationship between the direction of the dividend change and the stock price reaction. Jensen argues that managers tend to hold cash to invest in negative NPV projects for their own utility maximization. The agency costs that result from this overinvestment decrease the value of the firm. Like the signaling hypothesis, the FCF argument suggests there should be a positive relationship is the direction of the dividend policy change and the stock price reaction. However, the FCF argument differentiates itself with respect to the level of growth opportunities faced by the firm. If a firm initiated a cash dividend, FCF arguments postulate there are fewer funds available for costly overinvestment. Likewise, if company didnt pay dividend, the strongest form of a decrease would reduce the value of the firm because there are more funds available to invest in less present value projects. The FCF hypothesis assumes larger stock price volatility for the firms who have few growth opportunities as compared to the firms with many growth opportunities. There is disagreement between different researchers on dividend policy. Allen and Rachim (1996) in Australia found no significant relationship between dividend policy and stock price volatility. According to Gordon (1963) the stock price volatility is influenced by dividend payout. The firms who pay large dividend have minimum risks in terms of stock price value. Some of hypothetical mechanism also suggests the universal relationship of dividend yield and dividend payout ratio with stock price volatility. Jensens and Meckling in (1976) developed Agency cost argument which proposed th at dividend payout lower the cost of funds and increase the cash flows for the company. The company after paying cash dividends to stock holders would have less cash in hands of the managers to invest at below the cost of capital. According to Miller and Rock (1985); Asquith and Mullin, 1983; Born, Moser and Officer (1984) dividend declaration provide information to the share holders to forecast the financial position of the company and the present firms earnings. This also depends on the source of information that either it is doubtful or not to respond on announcement of dividend. Hence, there remains disagreement till yet, the relation of dividend yield and stock price volatility and it is still unexplained and is considered as debatable in corporate finance. 2.4 Signaling hypothesis: Though Miller and Modigliani (1961) assumed that investors and management have perfect knowledge about a firm, this has been countered by many researchers, as management who look after the firm tend to have more precise and timely information about the firm than outside investors. This, therefore, creates a gap between managers and investors; to bridge this gap, management use dividends as a tool to convey private information to shareholders. (Al-Malkawi,2007). Petit (1972) observed that the amount of dividends paid seems to carry great information about the prospects of a firm; this can be evidenced by the movement of share price. An increase in dividends may be interpreted as good news and brighter prospects, and vice versa. But Lintner (1956) observed that management are reluctant to reduce dividends even when there is a need to do so, and only increase dividends when it is believed that earnings have permanently increased. Rate of return effect, as discussed by Gordon (1963) , is that a firm with low payout and low dividend yield may tend to be valued more in terms of future investment opportunities (Donaldson, 1961). Consequently, its stock price may be more sensitive to changing estimates of rates of return over distant time periods. Thus expanding firms although may have lower payout ratio and dividend yield, exhibit price stability. This may be because dividend yields and payout ratio serves as proxies for the amount of projected growth opportunities. If forecasts of profits from growth opportunities are less reliable than forecasts of returns on assets in place, firms with low payout and low dividend yield may have greater price volatility. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS 3.1 Method of Data Collection Required data was collected from Karachi Stock Exchange as given by State Bank of Pakistan in publication of Balance Sheet Analysis of Joint Stock Companies Listed on the KSE (2005-2009). The period of study covered five years, 2005-09. The sample size of 100 non-financial firms was taken from all non financial firm listed at KSE. The required sample was chosen on the basis of cash dividend paid by firms at-least for two years. The sample represents almost every industry. 3.2 Sample Size Sample of 100 non-financial firms was collected from KSE. Only firms were used in the samples that paid cash dividend for at least two years firms that included the industrial firms and service providing firms listed on the KSE 100 Index form 2005-2009. The impact of the cash flow and profitability on dividend payout was analyzed on all of the non-financial firms selected as the sample. 3.3 Research Model Developed There were various financial factors of the non-financial firms which affected the Dividend payout of the firms. This research study analyzed the impact of free cash flow and profitability on the dividend payout. 3.3.1 Dividend payout Dividend payout and dividend amount are taken as the dependent variables. Since dividend payout is the generally used alternative for dividend policy, almost every financial researcher has used payout as a proxy for corporate dividend policy (See for example Gugler, 2003; Reddy and Rath, 2005; Papadopoulos, 2007; Al-Malkawi, 2007; Ahmed Attiya, 2009). In order to calculate dividend payout was calculated as cash dividend per share divided by earning per share. 3.3.2 Earning per share According to Hafeez and Attiya (2009) high profitability with constant earnings can manage to pay for larger free cash flows as a result to pay out larger dividends. The earnings per share after tax were used as independent variable. Earning per share after tax was used because dividend has been paid after interest, taxes and after depreciation and calculated as net earnings divided by number of shares. H1: There is significant impact of earning per share on dividend payout 3.3.3 Return on Equity This variable is used in different previous studies such as: Abor (2005), Miller (2007), Al-Ajmi et al. (2009), and Ebaid (2009) etc. Some authors measured profitability or performance by three measurements such Gross profit margin (GPM), Return on Equity (ROE), and Return on Assets (ROA) and same predictors Ebaid (2009). Likely results with this variable are same as revealed by Abor (2005) and Ebaid (2009) such as: Significance and positive relationship with dividend payout. Return on Equity is considered best measure of firm profitability. Return on Equity (ROE) is one measure of how efficiently a company uses its assets to produce earnings. ROE was calculated by dividing Net Income minus preferred dividend by Share holder equity H2: There is significant impact of Return on Equity on dividend payout. 3.3.4 Free Cash flow According to Jensens (1986) free cash flow hypothesis, companies choose to use their cash resources to invest in profitable projects first; dividend is paid out of residual. From a companys point of view, cash generated from operations plays an important role in deciding the level of payout, among all three sources of cash flows i.e. operating; investing and financing, cash generated from operations is considered as most desirable source of funds for the company for distribution of dividends. Anil and Sujjata (2008) also found cash flow from operations as the most significant determinant of dividend policy in Indian IT industry. A  measure of financial performance calculated as Net income minus depreciation minus change in working capital minus change in capital expenditure. Free cash flow (FCF) represents the cash that a company is able to generate after  placing out the money required to maintain or expand its asset base.  Free  cash flow is important because it  allows a company to  pursue opportunities that enhance shareholder value. H3: There is a significant impact of free cash flow on dividend payout. The model developed was a linear model and its specifications are provided below: Div payout = a0 + a1EPS + a2ROE + a3FCF + ÃÆ'‘à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Dividend payout = Dividend per share divided by earning per share EPS = Net income divided by number of share outstanding ROE =Net income minus preferred dividend divided by common shareholder equity FCF =Net income minus Depreciation minus change in working capital minus change in Capital expenditure ÃÆ' Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ = the error term 3.4 Statistical Technique Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MLR) technique was used for this research study to examine the impact of the distinctive financial characteristics of the non-financial firms on their dividend payout of the selected firms; Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the examination of the secondary data. CHAPTER 4: RESULT The sample of 100 non-financial firms from Karachi Stock Exchange was taken into consideration. This research study used multiple regression analysis (MLR). Researcher examined the behavior of non-financial firms of KSE about dividend payout. The selected technique was used to study the impact of cash flow and profitability on dividend payout. 4.1 Finding and Interpretation of the results In the beginning, the regression technique was applied on collected data by using SPSS, and there was no single variable was significant. It was clear from the result that there was the high co-linearity among the independent variables of the dividend payout and this means there was strong interrelationship present among the predictors. Return on assets and net profit margin was omitted from the data, thus, the issue of co-linearity was resolved. Now, proceeding with the analysis of the results because issue of co-linearity was addressed. The interpretation and analysis is presented in the next sections of this research study. Table 4.1: Model Summary Mod R R Sq. 1 .289 .084 Tables 4.1 depict the summary about the regression model. The R square of 8.4% showed that all the predictors of dividend payout together explained 8.4% variation in the dependent variable and the remaining variation was unexplained or hidden predictor were not included in the model. TABLE 4.2: ANOVA Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F 1 Regression 31503.936 3 10501.312 15.236 Residual 345316.428 501 689.254 Total 376820.364 504 The table 4.2 checked the significance of the linear regression model in such a way that the reliability of the data file regarding the applicability of the regression technique can be understood from the above table; however, ANOVA table was reliable test of checking the linear regression models ability to explain any variation in the dependent variable of liquidity. This was perfectly obvious from the sig value of .000 that meant that the linear regression model was highly significant for the data collected for the research study conducted. In addition, ANOVA explained that all means are not equal. TABLE 4.3:Coefficients Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. Co-linearity Statistics B Std. Error Beta Tolerance 1 (Constant) 28.626 1.617 17.704 .000 ROE .216 .042 .261 5.110 .000 .704 EPS -.123 .051 -.120 -2.420 .016 .750 FCF .001 .000 .125 2.815 .005 .922 In table4.3 the final model of regression included only three independent variable that were free cash flow, earning per share, and return on equity These variables were included in the model due to highly significantly describing the relation with dependent variable dividend payout. 4.2 Hypothesis Assessment Summary The hypothesis of research was unique financial factors had significant impact on the non-financial firms dividend payout decision. These financial characteristics were cash flow taken as free cash flow of firms and profitability taken as earning per share and return on Equity of firms. This research tasted individual financial characteristics and concluded the result as follow. TABLE 4.4: Hypothesis Assessment Summary S.No. Hypothesis ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² SIG. H1 There is significant impact of free cash flow on dividend payout. .001 .005 H2 There is a significant impact of Return on equity on dividend payout. .216 000 H3 There is as significant impact of Earning per Share on dividend payout. -.123 .016 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSIONS, IMLICATION, FUTURE RESEARCH AND CONCLUSION 5.1Conclusion It was concluded with support of results of this research study return on equity, earning per share, and free cash flow were significant independent variables in Pakistani market. These result were matching with the study under taken by Hafeez and Attiya (2009) in Pakistani context, Researchers concluded firms with high profitability and with stable earning can afford larger free cash flow therefore pay out larger dividends to its shareholder. In addition, Talat and Hammad (2010) examined the ownership structure and cash flow as determinants of dividend policy. Researchers concluded that companies in which high proportion of share were occupied by managers and individual were more reluctant of pay high dividends. In contrast, companies in which managerial and individual ownership is low paid less dividends. It was also concluded that companies having high operating cash flow increase companies potential to pay high dividend and it was considered cash flow sensitivity reduce the com panies payout but still it was not determined as potential determinants of corporate payout in Pakistan. 5.2 Discussions Profitability and free cash flow could lay significant impact on dividend payout in Pakistani context. Hafeez and Attiya(2009) was also considered profitability as significant determinant of dividend payout, But study conducted by Talat and Hammad (2010) concluded operating cash flow can not consider significant determinant of dividend payout in Pakistani market. This research considered that free cash flow and profitability measured through earning per share and returns on equity have significant impact on dividend payout of the companies. 5.3 Implication and Recommendations This research was limited to non-financial companies listed on Karachi Stock Exchange Pakistan. The required data collected from 100 non-financial firms listed at KES for the period of 2005 t0 2009. Only firms were included in samples which were paid cash dividend for atleast two years. It is suggested that such type of study should be carried out in other countries of Asia. Further, it also suggested that other factor except one analyzed in this study should be researched in more extensive manner so the dividend payout policy and its dynamics became clearer. 5.4 Future Research This research addressed the problems of investor, management and other researcher conductor in analyzing and observing the behavior of firm regarding their investment decisions. Research students who want to work further on dividend payout could be benefited by this study. In addition, all non financial firm will get benefit from this study because this research study taken all major sector into the consideration and study clarified the impact of free cash flow and profitability on dividend payout.